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Standard Spanish is a linguistic variety, or lect, that is considered a correct educated standard for the Spanish language. ==Origins== Standard Spanish originated in the medieval Castilian dialect, more than any other variety. Castilian Spanish originated, after the decline of the Roman Empire, as a Romance continuation of spoken Latin. Local sociolects of Vulgar Latin began to be called ''Castilian'' in the north of Iberia, in an area centered in the city of Burgos. This variety experienced some sound changes that made it diverge from its close cousin, Leonese. Some of these sound changes might have influence from pre-Roman languages in the area, from which Basque is the only one that survives today. With the ''Reconquista'', some traits from this distinctive northern dialect spread to the south, where the subsequent dialect mixture with the local Romance (Mozarabic) retained many words from Arabic. In 1085, the Castilians conquered the city of Toledo, the traditional old capital of a united peninsular kingdom in the Visigothic era. This city became the main center of the kingdom and the Christian Primate see, and it was there where an increasing new body of documents was written, not in official Latin, but in the local dialect, then called ''Castilian'' too. So, the written standard of Spanish started developing during the 12th century. The first steps toward standardization of Castilian were taken in the 13th century by King Alfonso X of Castile (''Alfonso, the Wise''), who assembled scribes and translators at his main court in Toledo. The king supervised the writings or even wrote some documents himself, always trying to make sure that they wrote in ''castellano drecho'' (correct Castilian) on the extensive works on history, astronomy, law, and other fields of knowledge being composed or translated from Islamic sources. This body of writings helped the blooming of knowledge at the newly created Universities in Europe that would lead to the early Renaissance forms during the Trecento. The first grammar of Castilian (or of any modern European language) was published in 1492 by Antonio de Nebrija. Further commentary on the language was offered by Juan de Valdés in 1535. In its earliest documented form, and up through approximately the 15th century, the language used is customarily called Old Spanish. From approximately the 16th century on, it is called Modern Spanish. Because Old Spanish resembles the modern written language to a relatively high degree, a reader of Modern Spanish can learn to read medieval documents without much difficulty. After the settling of the Royal Court at Madrid, from the main one at Toledo and a few others, early in the 1600s the written language used among courtiers of all regional backgrounds in the peninsula would be percolated into a written common form, which would be finally settled by the Academy on the next century. Spanish of the 16th and 17th centuries is sometimes called ''Classical'' Spanish, referring to the literary accomplishments of that period. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Standard Spanish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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